{"id":192330,"date":"2026-10-27T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/olympusplus.ro\/?p=192330"},"modified":"2026-10-23T23:35:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T20:35:16","slug":"nitrates-and-nitrites-in-water","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/olympusplus.ro\/en\/nitrati-si-nitriti-in-apa\/","title":{"rendered":"Nitrates and nitrites in tap water: limits and water analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nitra\u021bii \u0219i nitri\u021bii se m\u0103soar\u0103 separat. \u00centr-un buletin de analiz\u0103 a apei, concentra\u021bia nitra\u021bilor se compar\u0103 cu limita de 50 mg\/L, iar cea a nitri\u021bilor, cu limita de 0,50 mg\/L, \u021bin\u00e2nd cont \u0219i de condi\u021bia care prive\u0219te prezen\u021ba lor simultan\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceste cerin\u021be sunt prev\u0103zute \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/RO\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32020L2184\">Directiva european\u0103 privind calitatea apei destinate consumului uman<\/a> \u0219i \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/264337\">Ordonan\u021ba Guvernului nr. 7\/2023<\/a>, prin care directiva este transpus\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Analiza \u00ee\u021bi arat\u0103 concentra\u021biile de nitra\u021bi \u0219i nitri\u021bi din ap\u0103. Pe baza ei po\u021bi stabili dac\u0103 ai nevoie de un cartu\u0219 pentru reducerea nitra\u021bilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Care este diferen\u021ba dintre nitra\u021bi \u0219i nitri\u021bi?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nitra\u021bii \u0219i nitri\u021bii sunt forme ale azotului \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u00een ap\u0103. Ionul nitrat are formula NO\u2083\u207b, iar ionul nitrit, NO\u2082\u207b. Diferen\u021ba de compozi\u021bie este un atom de oxigen, dar cei doi parametri se evalueaz\u0103 separat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procesele biologice din mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor pot transforma o form\u0103 \u00een cealalt\u0103. Verific\u0103 denumirea parametrului. Valoarea m\u0103surat\u0103 \u0219i unitatea de m\u0103sur\u0103 din buletinul de analiz\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi permit apoi s\u0103 compari rezultatul cu limita corespunz\u0103toare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Parametru<\/th><th>Nitra\u021bi<\/th><th>Nitri\u021bi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Formula ionului<\/strong><\/td><td>NO\u2083\u207b<\/td><td>NO\u2082\u207b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Valoarea maxim\u0103 la robinet<\/strong><\/td><td>50 mg\/L<\/td><td>0,50 mg\/L<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Cerin\u021b\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 la ie\u0219irea din sta\u021bia de tratare<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td>0,10 mg\/L<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Verific\u0103 \u0219i unitatea de m\u0103sur\u0103. Valorile din tabel sunt exprimate ca nitra\u021bi \u0219i nitri\u021bi, \u00een timp ce un rezultat prezentat \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 form\u0103, de exemplu raportat la azot, are nevoie de interpretare \u00eenainte de compararea cu aceste praguri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De unde ajung nitra\u021bii \u00een ap\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/en\/analysis\/indicators\/nitrate-in-groundwater-8th-eap\">Agen\u021bia European\u0103 de Mediu<\/a> identific\u0103 \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele minerale \u0219i gunoiul de grajd drept principale surse de nitra\u021bi \u00een apele subterane ale Uniunii Europene. Agen\u021bia estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 aproximativ 80% din azotul evacuat \u00een mediul acvatic al UE provine din agricultur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O parte din azotul care nu este preluat de plante poate ajunge, prin sol, \u00een apele subterane. Unele sisteme de alimentare folosesc aceste ape ca surs\u0103, iar operatorii monitorizeaz\u0103 calitatea apei distribuite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Datele despre sursele de nitra\u021bi explic\u0103 de ce se urm\u0103re\u0219te acest parametru. Consult\u0103 analiza pentru zona ta. Ea descrie apa din zona de alimentare, iar analiza unei probe prelevate la robinet aduce informa\u021bii despre apa din locuin\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum cite\u0219ti limitele \u0219i condi\u021bia combinat\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru nitra\u021bi \u0219i nitri\u021bi, verificarea include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nitra\u021bi:<\/strong> cel mult 50 mg\/L.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Nitri\u021bi:<\/strong> cel mult 0,50 mg\/L la robinet. La ie\u0219irea din sta\u021bia de tratare se aplic\u0103 valoarea de 0,10 mg\/L.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Condi\u021bia combinat\u0103:<\/strong> [nitrat]\/50 + [nitrit]\/3 \u2264 1, cu ambele concentra\u021bii exprimate \u00een mg\/L.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Verific\u0103 \u0219i condi\u021bia combinat\u0103. Aceasta se aplic\u0103 pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 limitele individuale, iar pentru o prob\u0103 cu 40 mg\/L nitra\u021bi \u0219i 0,3 mg\/L nitri\u021bi, calculul arat\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>40\/50 + 0,3\/3 = 0,8 + 0,1 = 0,9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rezultatul este sub 1, iar cele dou\u0103 valori sunt \u0219i sub limitele individuale de la robinet. Exemplul respect\u0103, a\u0219adar, cerin\u021bele pentru ace\u0219ti doi parametri la robinet. Evaluarea complet\u0103 a potabilit\u0103\u021bii include \u0219i ceilal\u021bi parametri din analiz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unde g\u0103se\u0219ti valorile pentru apa de acas\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Operatorul de ap\u0103 public\u0103 buletine de analiz\u0103 pentru zonele pe care le alimenteaz\u0103; dac\u0103 nu g\u0103se\u0219ti raportul pentru adresa ta pe site, \u00eel po\u021bi solicita direct. Verific\u0103 data analizei \u0219i punctul de prelevare. Acestea identific\u0103 proba la care se refer\u0103 rezultatul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cere laboratorului instruc\u021biunile de recoltare. Dac\u0103 alegi s\u0103 analizezi o prob\u0103 de la robinetul locuin\u021bei, modul de prelevare trebuie s\u0103 permit\u0103 evaluarea corect\u0103 a parametrilor pe care vrei s\u0103 \u00eei m\u0103sori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gustul \u0219i aspectul apei nu pot indica nivelul nitra\u021bilor sau al nitri\u021bilor. Folose\u0219te valorile m\u0103surate. Articolul <a href=\"https:\/\/olympusplus.ro\/apa-de-la-robinet-in-romania-este-potabila\/\">apa de la robinet \u00een Rom\u00e2nia este potabil\u0103?<\/a> explic\u0103 mai pe larg verific\u0103rile \u0219i citirea buletinelor de analiz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alegerea echipamentului urm\u0103re\u0219te parametrul din analiz\u0103. Pentru nitri\u021bi, capacitatea de reducere se verific\u0103 separat \u00een documenta\u021bia echipamentului, deoarece nitra\u021bii \u0219i nitri\u021bii sunt parametri diferi\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce modele Olympus au cartu\u0219 pentru nitra\u021bi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cartu\u0219ul pentru nitra\u021bi con\u021bine r\u0103\u0219in\u0103. Gama antimicrobian\u0103 Olympus include modele duble \u0219i triple care \u00eel folosesc al\u0103turi de cartu\u0219ul ceramic de baz\u0103, iar la modelul dublu alegi \u00eentre cartu\u0219ul suplimentar pentru nitra\u021bi \u0219i cel pentru calcar. Modelul triplu le include pe am\u00e2ndou\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Model<\/th><th>Etape suplimentare fa\u021b\u0103 de cartu\u0219ul de baz\u0103<\/th><th>Pre\u021b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/olympusplus.ro\/shop\/filtre-antimicrobiene-deasupra-blatului-de-bucatarie\/filtru-de-apa-dublu-olympus-pentru-blat-antimicrobian\/\">Filtru dublu Olympus pentru blat<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>calcar sau nitra\u021bi, la alegere<\/td><td>670 lei (134 \u20ac)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/olympusplus.ro\/shop\/filtre-antimicrobiene-sub-chiuveta\/filtru-de-apa-dublu-olympus-pentru-sub-blat-antimicrobian\/\">Filtru dublu Olympus pentru sub blat<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>calcar sau nitra\u021bi, la alegere<\/td><td>870 lei (174 \u20ac)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Filtru triplu Olympus pentru blat<\/strong><\/td><td>calcar \u0219i nitra\u021bi<\/td><td>920 lei (184 \u20ac)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/olympusplus.ro\/shop\/filtre-antimicrobiene-sub-chiuveta\/filtru-de-apa-triplu-olympus-pentru-sub-blat-antimicrobian\/\">Filtru triplu Olympus pentru sub blat<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>calcar \u0219i nitra\u021bi<\/td><td>1.170 lei (234 \u20ac)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cartu\u0219ul ceramic cu c\u0103rbune activ asigur\u0103 filtrarea de baz\u0103. Pentru acesta, Olympus declar\u0103 re\u021binerea clorului, a pesticidelor, a metalelor grele, a fibrelor de azbest, a cromului hexavalent, a arsenicului, a plumbului \u0219i a cadmiului, cu trecerea s\u0103rurilor minerale \u0219i a oligoelementelor. Fiecare etap\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 are propriul rol. Cartu\u0219ele pentru nitra\u021bi descrise aici reduc nitra\u021bii, iar cele pentru calcar reduc duritatea apei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Protec\u021bia antimicrobian\u0103 prive\u0219te interiorul aparatului. Produc\u0103torul declar\u0103 distrugerea a p\u00e2n\u0103 la 95% dintre microbii din interiorul dispozitivului \u00een decurs de dou\u0103 ore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La modelele standard, <a href=\"https:\/\/olympusplus.ro\/shop\/filtre-de-schimb-olympus\/cartus-filtru-de-schimb-olympus-nitrat-filet-rosu\/\">cartu\u0219ul pentru nitra\u021bi are filet ro\u0219u<\/a> \u0219i cost\u0103 225 lei (45 \u20ac). Modelele GIGA au filet alb \u0219i cost\u0103 300 lei (60 \u20ac).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum \u00eentre\u021bii cartu\u0219ul pentru nitra\u021bi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Regenerarea se face cu ap\u0103 \u0219i sare. Frecven\u021ba acestei opera\u021biuni depinde de concentra\u021bia nitra\u021bilor din apa care intr\u0103 \u00een filtru \u0219i de volumul consumat, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce r\u0103\u0219ina este folosit\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen instruc\u021biuni, Olympus indic\u0103 regenerarea la aproximativ 150 de litri pentru ap\u0103 cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la 55 mg\/L nitra\u021bi \u0219i intervale mai scurte pentru concentra\u021bii mai mari. <strong>Valoarea de 55 mg\/L este un reper pentru \u00eentre\u021binerea cartu\u0219ului, nu limita legal\u0103 pentru apa potabil\u0103<\/strong>, care r\u0103m\u00e2ne 50 mg\/L.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Respect\u0103 instruc\u021biunile modelului. Potrivit acestora, regenerarea mai frecvent\u0103 \u0219i un debit mai mic favorizeaz\u0103 reducerea nitra\u021bilor, iar dac\u0103 alegi aparatul pentru corectarea unei concentra\u021bii m\u0103surate, rezultatul se verific\u0103 prin analiza apei filtrate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procedura include \u021binerea cartu\u0219ului timp de 30-45 de minute \u00eentr-un vas cu solu\u021bie de sare, urmat\u0103 de cl\u0103tire \u0219i remontare. Ghidul <a href=\"https:\/\/olympusplus.ro\/cartuse-de-schimb-filtru-apa\/\">cartu\u0219elor de schimb Olympus<\/a> prezint\u0103 pa\u0219ii \u0219i cantit\u0103\u021bile indicate de produc\u0103tor. Schimb\u0103 cartu\u0219ul cu r\u0103\u0219in\u0103 la 10-12 luni. Acest termen r\u0103m\u00e2ne valabil \u0219i c\u00e2nd \u00eel regenerezi regulat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reducerea nitra\u021bilor prin osmoz\u0103 invers\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O alt\u0103 op\u021biune din gam\u0103 este <a href=\"https:\/\/olympusplus.ro\/shop\/osmoza-inversa\/filtru-de-apa-cu-osmoza-inversa-r-o\/\">filtrul cu osmoz\u0103 invers\u0103 Olympus<\/a>, la 250 \u20ac, prev\u0103zut cu rezervor \u0219i robinet separat pentru apa filtrat\u0103. Acesta are patru etape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conform descrierii produsului, membrana din etapa a treia re\u021bine nitra\u021bii \u0219i s\u0103rurile dizolvate, inclusiv s\u0103rurile de calciu \u0219i magneziu. Alegerea unui astfel de sistem se face pe baza compozi\u021biei apei care rezult\u0103 din analiza acesteia \u0219i a parametrilor pe care vrei s\u0103 \u00eei reduci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a compara capacitatea, montajul \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binerea modelelor, consult\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/olympusplus.ro\/cum-alegi-un-filtru-de-apa-bun\/\">cele 7 criterii pentru un filtru de ap\u0103 bun<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Care este diferen\u021ba dintre nitra\u021bi \u0219i nitri\u021bi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ionul nitrat are formula NO\u2083\u207b, iar ionul nitrit, NO\u2082\u207b. Sunt parametri diferi\u021bi, cu limite distincte \u00een apa de la robinet: 50 mg\/L pentru nitra\u021bi \u0219i 0,50 mg\/L pentru nitri\u021bi. Analiza trebuie interpretat\u0103 separat pentru fiecare, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu condi\u021bia combinat\u0103 prev\u0103zut\u0103 de lege.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Care este limita de nitra\u021bi \u00een apa potabil\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Limita este de 50 mg\/L. Directiva (UE) 2020\/2184 \u0219i Ordonan\u021ba Guvernului nr. 7\/2023 prev\u0103d aceast\u0103 valoare pentru nitra\u021bi, limita de 0,50 mg\/L pentru nitri\u021bi la robinet \u0219i condi\u021bia combinat\u0103 [nitrat]\/50 + [nitrit]\/3 \u2264 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ce filtru Olympus aleg pentru reducerea nitra\u021bilor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un model dublu echipat cu cartu\u0219 pentru nitra\u021bi sau un model triplu, care include \u0219i cartu\u0219ul pentru calcar. Gama cuprinde \u0219i un sistem cu osmoz\u0103 invers\u0103. Alegerea \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binerea se stabilesc \u00een func\u021bie de analiza apei \u0219i de instruc\u021biunile produsului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e2t de des regenerez cartu\u0219ul pentru nitra\u021bi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Produc\u0103torul indic\u0103 aproximativ 150 de litri pentru concentra\u021bii de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 55 mg\/L \u0219i intervale mai scurte la concentra\u021bii mai mari. Aceste valori descriu \u00eentre\u021binerea cartu\u0219ului, nu limitele de potabilitate. Cartu\u0219ul cu r\u0103\u0219in\u0103 se \u00eenlocuie\u0219te la 10-12 luni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Apa filtrat\u0103 p\u0103streaz\u0103 mineralele?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cartu\u0219ul ceramic cu c\u0103rbune activ permite trecerea s\u0103rurilor minerale \u0219i a oligoelementelor. Compozi\u021bia final\u0103 depinde \u0219i de celelalte etape: cartu\u0219ul pentru calcar reduce duritatea, iar membrana de osmoz\u0103 invers\u0103 reduce s\u0103rurile dizolvate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alege dup\u0103 rezultatul analizei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0103streaz\u0103 buletinul de analiz\u0103 c\u00e2nd compari <a href=\"https:\/\/olympusplus.ro\/product-category\/filtre-de-apa-antimicrobiene-olympus\/\">filtrele antimicrobiene Olympus<\/a>. Concentra\u021bia m\u0103surat\u0103, consumul \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binerea necesar\u0103 sunt reperele pentru alegerea <a href=\"https:\/\/olympusplus.ro\/alegerea-modelului-potrivit\/\">alegerea modelului potrivit<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Care este diferen\u021ba dintre nitra\u021bi \u0219i nitri\u021bi?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ionul nitrat are formula NO\u2083\u207b, iar ionul nitrit, NO\u2082\u207b. Sunt parametri diferi\u021bi, cu limite distincte \u00een apa de la robinet: 50 mg\/L pentru nitra\u021bi \u0219i 0,50 mg\/L pentru nitri\u021bi. Analiza trebuie interpretat\u0103 separat pentru fiecare, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu condi\u021bia combinat\u0103 prev\u0103zut\u0103 de lege.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Care este limita de nitra\u021bi \u00een apa potabil\u0103?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Limita este de 50 mg\/L. Directiva (UE) 2020\/2184 \u0219i Ordonan\u021ba Guvernului nr. 7\/2023 prev\u0103d aceast\u0103 valoare pentru nitra\u021bi, limita de 0,50 mg\/L pentru nitri\u021bi la robinet \u0219i condi\u021bia combinat\u0103 [nitrat]\/50 + [nitrit]\/3 \u2264 1.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Ce filtru Olympus aleg pentru reducerea nitra\u021bilor?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Un model dublu echipat cu cartu\u0219 pentru nitra\u021bi sau un model triplu, care include \u0219i cartu\u0219ul pentru calcar. Gama cuprinde \u0219i un sistem cu osmoz\u0103 invers\u0103. 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Compozi\u021bia final\u0103 depinde \u0219i de celelalte etape: cartu\u0219ul pentru calcar reduce duritatea, iar membrana de osmoz\u0103 invers\u0103 reduce s\u0103rurile dizolvate.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nitrates and nitrites are measured separately. 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